The study investigates the market behaviour of Polish enterprises. It focuses on four different activities undertaken by them, including: implementation of development investments, increase in the employment level, introduction of new products and expansion into new markets. Those activities are considered to be the main differentiation criteria between enterprises’ inert and congruent market behaviour. The aim of the study was to recognize what combination of chosen criteria is the most accurate in identifying inert and congruent enterprise market behaviour. For this purpose, a research model was constructed and primary data collection on a sample of 1238 Polish enterprises was conducted. All data were analysed using Statistica. For model validation, a comparison of ROC curves was used. The obtained results show that the most accurate in recognizing inert and congruent enterprise market behaviour are three criteria: implementation of development investments, increase in the employment level and new market expansion. Such a combination of chosen criteria gives the highest specificity of the model. Furthermore, considering two out of the four analysed criteria, the most accurate in recognizing enterprises’ inert and congruent market behaviour are aspects of increased employment level and new market expansion. This research reveals findings and draws conclusions that help to better understand enterprises’ market activities. The presented findings can lead to better knowledge about the behaviour of enterprises and their potential to contribute to economic development. As such, the study can be used in future economic projections.