This article is devoted to the possibilities of overcoming the problems and risks associated with the operation of road transport. These problems and risks arising from the importance of road transport for the economy. They relate mainly to negative influence transport on the environment and human health, as well as issues arising from the rapid depletion of natural resources, especially petroleum resources. In article describes the types of alternative fuels, the use of which may contribute to a significant reduction in environmental pollution. It also drew attention to the multiple types of drives alternatives to gasoline and diesel engine, including in particular the electric and hybrid drive.