Psychosocial risk is one of the most current areas of research in the field of occupational health and safety. The article presents research on the scale of occupational stress and its relation to the professional functioning and health of workers. The studied subjects included 7623 employees employed in 15 sectors of the Polish economy. The Psychosocial Risk Scale was used as the research tool. The results showed that the context of work (for example work organization, and quality of interpersonal relationships) generated a higher level of occupational stress. It was also shown that the higher level of stress was connected with higher absenteeism, increased staff turnover, worse indicators of health status and ability to work of employees, their lower work engagement, and lower level of job satisfaction.