The aim of the article is to make a diagnosis of the efficiency of enterprises belonging to the Polish food sector and listed on the Stock Exchange in Warsaw. Achievement of the indicated objective is conditioned by the use of the method of systematic literature analysis and the Data Envelopment Analysis method – one of the methods of mathematical linear programming based on the concept of a production capacity curve. The first chapter presents the theoretical foundations of the DEA method. The next chapter describes the methodology of empirical research. In the third chapter, the most important research results are presented and a discussion of results was conducted.