The article examines the role of digital automated couplings (DACs) in the development of rail freight transportation in Europe. Digitization and automation are playing a key role in transforming the transportation industry, including rail transportation. The article discusses the DACs’ origins and current DAC technologies, outlining the potential benefits and risks of introducing them. The benefits of DACs include increased operational efficiency, improved productivity and on-time delivery, reduced operating costs and greater safety. Automating the processes of coupling and uncoupling railcars reduces train formation times and minimizes the risk of human error and accidents. Implementing DACs along with the European Rail Traffic Management System can also increase the capacity of rail lines. However, the introduction of new technologies also brings risks. The article identifies the main areas of risk. Firstly, there is the risk of cyberattacks that could disrupt rail operations and threaten safety. Secondly, personnel require retraining. Thirdly, there is a need to harmonize and standardize technology internationally to ensure interoperability and security. Finally, the financial aspect related to investing in and migrating to DAC technology, which is a key risk area. The conclusions of this article have relevance for policy makers, rail operators and railcar owners, who are making decisions on DAC investments. The need to take into account the benefits and risks and to develop a strategy for DAC deployment in order to effectively realize the potential of these technologies for the development of rail freight transport in Europe.