The need to ensure the country’s food security is a leading element of the state’s activities, due to the dynamic changes and threats stemming from the international environment, as well as climate change affecting agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to identify the role and importance of agri-food sector enterprises in ensuring Poland’s food security, with particular emphasis on assessing food self-sufficiency. The research material consisted of publicly available statistical data, as well as relevant subject literature. Descriptive methods, statistical techniques and visualisation methods were applied. The food self-sufficiency index, Ss, was utilised in the analysis. The detailed analysis encompassed the years 2020-2024, i.e. the period of the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, a time of crisis when supply chains were disrupted and foreign trade hampered. The study covers basic food product groups. The first part of the study characterises the country’s food security and its dimensions, while the second discusses the role of food sector enterprises in ensuring access to food. The analysis demonstrates that food companies generate the largest share of the value of sold production in industrial processing, and their strong market position is also possible thanks to a systematic increase in investment expenditure. The results of research on the production and consumption of basic agricultural raw materials show that Poland is a surplus country in food production in almost all product groups.