This paper presents the enterprise as a cyber-physical system creating the new reality of the fourth industrial revolution. An explanation of the concept and essence of Industry 4.0 and a brief characterization of its key components are the starting point for a presentation of the cyber-physical system as an intelligent structure. A model of the cyber-physical system in the form of a platform consisting of hardware and software is presented. The description of the structure of an intelligent system inspired the author's concept of the architecture of such a system. In the following part of the article, the importance of identification technology and communication between industrial objects is presented as an essential element of the modern digital industry. Artificial intelligence technology is important in the development of cyber-physical systems to solve the complex problems of modern industry. The research problem concerned the issue of the use of modern digital technologies in Polish enterprises as a basis for building intelligent structures. The subject of the research was selected issues related to digital technologies used in contemporary enterprises and their impact on the functioning of organizations. The aim of the study was to provide knowledge on the type and level of modern technology resources and business solutions used. The analysis of the results of the survey made it possible to determine the level of preparedness of enterprises for cyber-physical systems. Moreover, the findings indicated the varying degree of use of modern digital technologies by enterprises.